Biography of Thomas Huxley
Thomas Huxley (Thomas Henry Huxley) (1825) – zoologist, one of the most famous naturalists of England, was born in 1825, studied medicine in London, in 1846 – 1950 took part, as a junior doctor at a military ship Rattlesnake, in expedition to the Pacific Ocean and the Indian archipelago, on his return to England he was elected a member of the Royal Society and in 1854 won, after Edward Forbes, chair of natural history at the Royal Mining School in London and chair of physiology at the Royal Institution, from 1863 to 1969 Huxley was a professor of anatomy in medical board; from 1869 to 1870 president of the geological and ethnographic societies, in 1870 became president of the British Association and a member of the Commission to facilitate the teaching of natural sciences, in 1878 a member of the London of the school board. Huxley's work in the field of embryology, so especially in the field of comparative anatomy brought him notoriety. In Embryology Huxley first showed in 1849 ("On the anatomy and affinities of the family of Medusae", "Philosophical Transactions", 1849) that two layers of the body of jellyfish, the external and internal, external and internal match germ layers of vertebrate and so laid the foundation for the doctrine of the germinal layers for all multicellular animals. Much attention was attracted by Huxley's essay "Man's place in nature" (1863), translated into Russian under the editorship of Professor Alexander Beketov, which proved that the anatomical differences between humans and higher primates are less significant than that between the higher and lower monkeys. The major works of Huxley, except for individual articles: "History of the oceanic Hydrozoa" (London, 1858); "Elements of comparative anatomy" (1864, translated into Russian, entitled: "Elements of the comparative anatomist." SPb., 1865); "Elementary atlas of comparative osteology" (1864); "Lessons in elementary physiology" (1866); "Paleontologia indica" (1866); "The physical basis of life" (1868), a collection of articles and lectures, under zaglav. : "Lay sermons" (1870); "A manuel of the anatomy of vertebrated animals" (1871 in Russian: "Guide to anatomy of vertebrates (perev. Menzbir, ed. Borzenkova, 1880);" Practical instruction in elementary biology "(1875 transl. in Russian Gerd under the heading:" elementary practical course in biology. Practical works on botany and zoology, Huxley and Martin (1877 SPb.); "Critiques and adresses" (1873); "American adresses" (1877); "Anatomy of invertebrated animals" (1877); "The crayfish" (3 rd ed. 1881); "Physiography" and "Science and culture, and other esseys" (1882). From popular works of Huxley translated into Russian : "Lessons from the elementary physiology" (St Petersburg, 1877) and a number of articles ("a piece of chalk," "The doctrine of Descartes on the automatism of animals", "Formation of coal," "Machines Do animals", "spontaneous"), in the journal Nature "(1873 – 75) and" Knowledge "(1874).