John Stuart Mill (1806 – 1873) – son of James M., a famous English philosopher and economist. Since 3-year M. began to study under the guidance of his father's Greek language, with a 6-years to write independent historical work, and to 12 years, thoroughly acquainted with the major Greek and Roman authors, began to study higher mathematics, logic and political savings. His education completed by age 14. Such early brain development has led to heavy fatigue and prepared spiritual crisis, which nearly led to suicide AM. Of great importance in his life was a trip to southern France in 1820, she introduced him to French society, with the French economists and public figures and aroused in him a strong interest in continental liberalism was still with him until his death. Around 1822 AM, with several other young men (Austin, fat, etc.), ardent follower of Bentham, formed a circle, called the "utilitarian society", in which was first coined the term "utilitarianism", which later received widespread . In the organ-based bentamistami "Westminster Review" published a series of MS articles, mainly economic content. In 1830 he wrote a little book: "Essays on some unsettled Questions in Political Economy" (publ. in 1844, had 2 ed.), Which contains all original, created MA in economics. By this time the fracture is in the life of Mill, which he so vividly described in his "Autobiography." As a result, M. freed from the influence of Bentham, has lost the old confidence in the omnipotence of rational element in the private and public life, was more value element sense, but some of the new outlook is not developed. Introduction to teaching sensimonistov shake his old confidence in the benefits of the social system based on private ownership and unrestricted competition. In 1843 he published "A System of Logic" (10 editions) – his most original work, still had retained its value, in 1848 – "Principles of Political Economy" (June edition) has also written numerous journal articles on various issues of philosophy, politics, economy and literature. Within a few years of self-published a radical magazine: "London and Westminster Review". Since 1841 was in correspondence with the Organization. Comte, philosophical and sociological views which have had a profound influence. Of the later works of M. remarkable "On Liberty" (1859, 3 editions) – perhaps the most brilliant in modern times in protecting the freedom of public and private life; "Utilitarianism" (1861, 3 editions) – the book, which had great success in public but one of the weakest of M. in the logical sense; "Considerations on Representalive Governement" (1861, 3 editions); "An Examination of sir W. Hamilton 's Philosophy" (1865, 5 editions) – a critique of philosophy, of Hamilton, along with outlining their own views of the author; "The Subjection of women" (1869, 4 editions), written in defense of women's equality. After the death of M. printed his "Autobiography" (1873) and "Chapters on Socialism" ("Fortnightly Review", 1872). As a political figure speak in Moscow in 1865 as a representative of the Westminster district in the House of Commons, before he could be a member of parliament, as was the service of the ostindskoy company. In the House of Moscow insisted on the need evergichnyh measures to help Irish farmers. In 1868 M. was defeated in the new elections, due in his opinion, public statement of his sympathy for the well-known atheist Bradley. In the life of M. enormous role played love for Ms Taylor, familiarity with which, he said, was "the greatest happiness of his life." He had the opportunity to marry her only after 20-year-old acquaintance, but after 7 years after her marriage she died. In the dedication of his book "On Liberty" M. says that his wife was inspiring, and partly the author of the best things that has been in his writings, but this assessment of the role of m-with Taylor in the literary activity of MM has been greatly exaggerated. In the largest of his work, "System of Logic," Ms Taylor took no part, no doubt, however, that it is influenced by many heads of his "political economy" and that she was, to some extent, be attributed to a socialist coloration of this book.The only essay AM, owned by his wife as much to himself – this is the book "The subordination of women." In the field of philosophy, the most remarkable works of M. is his "System of Logic.
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