Voyeikov Alexander (08 (20) .05.1842 – 27.01 (09.02) .1916), Russian climatologist and geographer, the founder of climatology in Russia. Corresponding member Petersburg AN (1910). In 1860 he entered the Physics and Mathematics of St. Petersburg University in 1861, when, in connection with student unrest university was closed, Voyeikov left to study in Germany, where he earned a Ph.D. from the University of Göttingen (1865), with a thesis on direct insolation in different places the Earth's surface. In 1880 he received an honorary doctor of physical geography at Moscow University. Since 1885 Professor of St. Petersburg University. In addition to numerous visits to the European part of Russia, the Caucasus, Crimea and Wed Asia, traveled to West. Europe, South. and the Near East, North., Centre and South. America was in the South. China and Japan. Among the numerous works Voeikova most important fundamental work "Climates of the world, especially Russia" (1884), which was first opened by the physical nature and examined the structure of complex climatic processes, identified the role of individual climate-forming factors and the interaction of climate with other components of nature. In the study of climatic and geographical phenomena Voyeikov first applied the method of balances. He developed a classification of rivers on the hydrological regime is the basis for subsequent classifications. Voyeikov laid the foundations of the doctrine of snow and paleoclimatology. An extensive series of works devoted to the geography and economy of the population and active human impacts on the environment. Predicted the opportunity to develop culture of tea and citrus fruits in the Caucasus and valuable species of cotton plant in Slovakia. Asia, developed the scientific basis for land reclamation and methods for increasing the yield of the St. ctivities. cultures, to identify new areas for the organization of climate treatment beds. In the Russian Geographic on the island of Voyeikov the Meteorological Commission, established the first meteorological journal "Meteorological Journal (1891-1935), created a network of voluntary observers agroclimatology. From 1881 represented Russian science in the international geographical congresses. In 1892 – 1904 Editor of geography Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh. Voyeikov – one of the initiators and organizers of the special geographical higher education and the first director of the Higher Geography. courses (1915). Member of many Russian and foreign honorary member of the scientific-in. In 1949 the name of Voeikov was awarded the Main Geophysical Observatory in connection with its 100 anniversary.
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