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Baudouin de Courtenay, Ivan Andreevich Netsislav Ignatius (1845 – 1929) – one of the great modern linguists, Professor of Dorpat University (since 1883) and a full member of the Cracow Academy (since 1887). Baudouin de Courtenay was born in 1845 in Radzymin in the Kingdom of Poland, was educated in Warsaw, the first real college, and then (from 1862 – 1866) in primary school, which finished with a master's degree. Immediately after, he studied comparative grammar of Indo-European languages in German universities, and then came to St. Petersburg, where he studied Slavic languages before 1870; this year, he earned a Ph.D. at Leipzig University and Master of Comparative Linguistics, University of St. Petersburg, where he was appointed Privatdozent Associate Professor in 1871 following two years, BA had to travel to South Slavic areas of Austria and Italy, studying the little Slavic dialects, and at the same time carefully writing down all the phonetic nuances of dialect, which used the incredibly rich characters own system of transcription. Returning from a trip to the rich notes and observations, he spent two years in Leipzig and in 1875 was appointed professor of comparative grammar at the Kazan University, where he remained until 1883, where he published a modest but important for the maintenance works, and managed to attract to the study of comparative grammar of several young men, among whom the deceased had recently been issued especially N. Kruszewski. B. Compositions were seen in the academic world: the German scientists, giving the tone of science, then a little inclined to the experimental study of the subject, willing to indulge in hobbies and exploring the metaphysical first written monuments of the ancient Indo-European languages. BP was one of the first, which dramatically brought to the fore the principle study of the living human language, arguing that only such direct observation really deserves the name of science, that it alone gives us the opportunity to learn a language in general, his life and the laws of development, throws a bright light on his past, about which we can not have the slightest idea if we are dealing not with live sound and the dead letters, which are known as ringing in the era of its outline. Therefore, Baudouin began very carefully considered language, with its psychological and physiological aspect, using the abbreviated formula with which to many seemed neudoboponyatnymi, moreover, they were considered not only normal but also pathological phenomena of language, that too many are not approved. In short, we can say that Boris introduces a comparative grammar of the method of inductive science, and in this respect he is close to the so-called yunggrammatikam, the difference between them, mainly lies in the fact that at a time when yunggrammatiki still almost exclusively engaged in the study of languages on monuments, B. primarily draws attention to the modern dialects and dialects. From the works of Boris the most important are as follows: "On drevnepolskom language before the XIV century (Leypts., 1870) – an essay in which the author collected all the ancient Polish words scattered in many Latin acts, and of them by scientific analysis, conclusions regarding the then grammar, and especially phonetics, "Experience phonetics rezyanskih dialects" (Warsaw and St. Petersburg., 1875), which examines the Slavic dialect in northern Italy; "Rezyansky Catechism" (1875); "Rezya and rezyane" (Slavic collection of "III, Spb., 1876): "Reports on the lessons of linguistics during the 1872 and 1873" (1877), "A detailed program of lectures 1876 – 1977" (1878) and "1877 – 78 PM (1881), where the rich bibliographic guidance on the various departments of linguistics, "Some departments of comparative grammar of Slavic languages" ("Rus. Phil. Vestn.", Warsaw, 1881), "Excerpts from lectures on phonetics and morphology of Russian language" (" Philologist. Notes Voronezh, 1882), "From the lectures on Latin phonetics" ("Philological.Notes "1884);" Nekolik poznamenani of polskem pravopisu "(" Sbornik vedecky ", Prague, 1868);" Einige Faelle der Wirkung der Analogie in der polnischen Declination "(" Beitrage zur vergl. Sprachforschung "(VI, Berlin, 1868); "Glottologocheskie notes" ("Philological. Writings", 1876, 1877); "Der dialect von Cirkno" ("Arch. fuer Slavische Philologie" VII, VIII, Berlin, 1884 – 1885); "Z patologji i embrjologji jezyka "(" Prace Filologiczne ", Warsaw, 1885) and many other specialized and popular-scientific articles scattered in different Russian, Polish, Czech, German and other journals.
